FAQ
How much pension will I get in Italy?+
In the contributivo your pension is your montante (the contributions credited over the career, 33 % of the pay for an employee, revalued by GDP growth) times the coefficiente di trasformazione of your claiming age (5.608 % at 67 in 2026), paid 13 times a year. A full career at a constant pay replaces about 60 to 70 % of the last gross salary; careers started before 1996 keep the retributivo formula for the early years. The simulator computes it from your salary, your years and your claiming age, and compares with the INPS "La mia pensione futura" figure if you enter it.
What is the pension gap and how do I calculate it?+
The difference between the monthly income you want in retirement and what the INPS pension pays after IRPEF. Take your spending target in today's money, subtract the net pension the simulator shows, and the rest has to come from a fondo pensione, the TFR, a PIP or a brokerage account. The block under the verdict shows the gap and how much of it your savings close.
What is deducted from a gross INPS pension?+
Only IRPEF and the addizionali: pensions carry no contribution. The pension is taxed at 23 % to 28,000 EUR, 33 % to 50,000 and 43 % above, less the detrazione per redditi di pensione (1,955 EUR up to 8,500 of income, tapering to zero at 50,000), plus the addizionale regionale (1.23 to 3.33 % by region) and comunale (up to 0.9 %). A pension of 8,500 EUR a year pays nothing; a pension of 20,000 EUR pays about 3,700 EUR a year, one of 30,000 about 7,000 EUR. The simulator applies the region you choose.
Can I retire at 60, 62 or 64?+
Before 67 only with enough contributions: the pensione anticipata ordinaria needs 42 anni e 10 mesi (41 e 10 for women; one month more in 2027, three in 2028) at any age, plus a three-month finestra; contributivi puri can claim at 64 with 20 years when the pension reaches three times the assegno sociale (about 1,639 EUR a month in 2026, 3.2 times from 2030), capped at five minimums until 67. Quota 103 and Opzione donna were not renewed for 2026. You can stop working earlier and live on your savings until then; the simulator shows those years as waiting years and opens the fondo pensione through the RITA up to five years before the età di vecchiaia.
What is the coefficiente di trasformazione and why does the claiming age matter?+
The share of your montante paid each year as a pension: 4.204 % at 57, 5.608 % at 67, 6.510 % at 71 for 2025 and 2026, interpolated by months, revised every two years with life expectancy. Claiming one year later pays about 3.5 % more on the same montante, plus the extra year of contributions, for life; there is no other penalty or bonus. The claiming-age block prices each age on your record and says at what age the later claim catches up.
Is a fondo pensione worth it, and should I take it as capital or as a rendita?+
Contributions are deductible up to 5,300 EUR a year at your marginal IRPEF rate, returns are taxed at 20 % instead of 26 %, and the benefit at 15 % falling to 9 % after 35 years of membership, on the contributed share only. It pays when you keep the money until the pension; earlier withdrawals (anticipazioni) cost up to 23 %. At the pension, at most half can be taken as capital, the rest as a lifelong rendita paying about 4 to 5 % of the capital at 67, not indexed; the whole position as capital is allowed only when the rendita would be under half the assegno sociale. The comparison block prices both on your numbers.
How are shares, funds, deposits and a PIR taxed in retirement?+
Interest and gains on securities are taxed at 26 % (12.5 % on Italian and white-list government bonds), crypto at 33 % from 2026, deposits at 26 %; there is no allowance and no holding-period relief. A PIR held at least five years is exempt on gains and income, up to 40,000 EUR a year and 200,000 in all. The simulator tracks your cost basis, taxes only the gain share of what you sell, applies the bond share you enter and treats a seasoned PIR as exempt.
What about my spouse and the pensione ai superstiti?+
A spouse or partner in a unione civile joins the plan under the marital status: their pension and fund, a separate return each (a spouse without income is a coniuge a carico), and their salary while they still work. The survivor scenario prices a death: the pensione ai superstiti pays 60 % of the deceased's pension (or of the pension their record had earned) for life, 13 times a year, reduced by 25, 40 or 50 % when the survivor's own income exceeds three, four or five times the trattamento minimo. It ends on remarriage.
How much money do I need to retire in Italy?+
Less than 25 times your spending, because the INPS pension covers part of it for life, revalued with prices. Take your monthly target, subtract the net pension and the fund rendita, and the remaining gap times 12 times about 25 to 30 years of retirement is the capital you need, taxes included. For a single person wanting 1,800 EUR a month with an average career, that is typically a few tens of thousands to two hundred thousand euros in savings, not millions.
Does it work for the self-employed, professionals or public employees?+
The simulator models employees and the INPS self-employed (artigiani, commercianti, Gestione separata) with their own contribution rates, under the ordinary rules plus the lavori gravosi, the APE sociale, Quota 41 for the precoci and the riscatto della laurea. The casse professionali (engineers, lawyers, doctors, accountants), cumulo and totalizzazione across funds, contributi figurativi and the public-sector specifics are not modelled, though the confidence field and the montante input can approximate them.
All amounts are in today's purchasing power: nominal returns are deflated by the inflation assumption and contributions are held constant in real terms. INPS pension (legge 335/1995, legge 214/2011, INPS circolare 28/2026): the career is read from a pay path in today's money (today's RAL grown by the entered real rate until work stops, the same growth backwards for the years so far, one calendar year per year of contributions, gaps at the start of the career); the years of contributions are entered or estimated from age 24; a riscatto della laurea adds its years before the first year of work, valued like worked years (ordinary) or at 33 % of the artigiani minimale a year in the contributivo (agevolato). The regime follows the first year of contributions: contributivo puro from 1996, sistema misto before (quota A for the years to 1992 at 2 % a year of the last five years' pay, revalued by prices plus one point a year to the claim, quota B for 1993 to 1995, or to 2011 with 18 years at the end of 1995, at 2 % of the last ten years', both tapering to 1.6, 1.35, 1.1 and 0.9 % above 56,224 EUR and capped at 80 %). The montante is the pay (capped at the massimale of 122,295 EUR for contributivi puri and Gestione separata members, at 93,707 EUR for artigiani and commercianti insured before 1996) times the aliquota di computo of the worker type (33 % employees, 24 % artigiani, 24.48 % commercianti, 25 % Gestione separata), revalued by the entered real GDP growth to the claim, or the entered montante for the years so far; the pension is the montante times the coefficiente di trasformazione of the claiming age (decreto 20 novembre 2024 for 2025 and 2026: 4.204 % at 57 to 6.510 % at 71, interpolated by months) plus the retributivo quotas, paid 13 times a year and revalued by prices (fully up to four minimums, 90 % to five, 75 % above). The requirements of the claim year come from the published table (vecchiaia 67 in 2026, 67 anni e 1 mese in 2027, 67 anni e 3 mesi in 2028; anticipata 42 anni e 10 mesi, 41 e 10 for women, plus one and three months; anticipata contributiva 64 and 20 years; vecchiaia contributiva 71 and five years) and after 2028 from the entered life-expectancy drift applied in biennial steps of at most three months; the coefficients of later bienniums lengthen each age's divisore by the same gain in life expectancy at the 1.5 % technical rate of the table. Routes: vecchiaia at the età with 20 years (contributivi puri need a pension of at least the assegno sociale, 546.24 EUR a month in 2026, else 71; contributive mothers four months earlier per child, at most twelve), anticipata ordinaria with the contributions plus the three-month finestra, anticipata contributiva at 64 with 20 years and a pension of three assegni sociali (2.8 and 2.6 for mothers; 3.2, 3 and 2.8 from 2030), capped at five times the trattamento minimo (611.85 EUR a month in 2026) until the età di vecchiaia, lavori gravosi at 66 anni e 7 mesi and 42 anni e 10 mesi frozen with 30 years, Quota 41 for the lavoratori precoci (41 years at any age, adjusted from 2027), APE sociale from 63 anni e 5 mesi with 30 years (36 for the lavori gravosi) at most 1,500 EUR a month 12 times a year until the pension. Integrazione al minimo for the sistema misto, assuming no other income. The INPS "La mia pensione futura" figure calibrates the montante so far at the età di vecchiaia with the pay held flat. IRPEF (TUIR as amended by legge 199/2025): one return per person, the 2026 brackets (23 % to 28,000, 33 % to 50,000, 43 % above), the detrazione per redditi di pensione or da lavoro dipendente whichever is higher, the bonus and the ulteriore detrazione of the taglio del cuneo on a working partner's pay, the detrazione per coniuge a carico when the spouse's income is under 2,840.51 EUR, the addizionale regionale of the chosen region (the 2025 schedules interpolated between 20,000 and 40,000 EUR of income, the average of the twenty regions by default) and the addizionale comunale of your comune (0.65 % the national average by default) less the entered detrazioni per oneri within the IRPEF due, the scale held nominal for five years and at its real value after. A working partner pays the IVS contribution of their worker type as a cost, on the pay up to the massimale when first insured from 1996. Fondo pensione and PIP (d.lgs. 252/2005, COVIP): returns after the 20 % tax; at the pension, or from retirement through the RITA when work stops within five years of the età di vecchiaia with five years of membership, as a rendita at the entered conversion rate fixed in nominal terms, as half capital and half rendita, or as capital (100 % only when 70 % of the position as a rendita would pay under half the assegno sociale); the benefit taxed at 15 % less 0.3 points per year of membership beyond fifteen counted from 2007 (the years before it at most 15), floor 9 %, on the contributed share (today's balance times the entered share plus the contributions deducted from now on, up to the cap, and the TFR paid in, nominal; contributions above the cap join the exempt returns); the entered 2001 to 2006 share under tassazione separata as capital (floor 23 %) and as ordinary income as a rendita; the capital net joins the brokerage account; the RITA is a pot drawn first. TFR in the company: 6.91 % of the pay a year, revalued at 1.5 % plus 75 % of inflation less the 17 % tax, paid at the end of work under tassazione separata at the average gross IRPEF rate of the five years before the cessation, as the Agenzia reliquidates it (the reference-income rate, the TFR times twelve divided by the years of service, when no pay fell in them), the net joining the brokerage account; or paid into the fund. Brokerage account: 26 % on the gain share of each sale (12.5 % on the entered share of government bonds), the cost basis from the entered unrealised gain plus the savings from now on, bases nominal so inflation gains are taxed as in law; 33 % on the entered share of crypto-assets. PIR: exempt when it reaches five years by retirement, else taxed like the brokerage account, contributions capped at 40,000 EUR a year. The headline income is the highest level monthly spending, in today's money, that the year-by-year run can finance to the plan age without a shortfall in any year; the run at your actual target reports the age at which the capital runs out. A partner is simulated on the first person's age scale with their own record, pay, claiming age and fund, on their own return. Survivor scenario: from the death the deceased's pension stops and the pensione ai superstiti pays 60 % of the pension in payment (of the pension the record had earned, when the death comes before the claim), reduced by 25, 40 or 50 % when the survivor's own income exceeds three, four or five times the trattamento minimo a year, their unpaid fund is paid out, the return is a single person's and spending steps down to the entered share. Not modelled: the casse professionali, cumulo and totalizzazione, contributi figurativi (enter them in the years), Quota 103 and Opzione donna (not renewed for 2026), the edili's 32-year APE, working on a pension, remarriage. Estimates only, not financial or tax advice. Signed-in users are prefilled from their profile, pension accounts and portfolio snapshot; until confirmed on the profile, the gross salary is estimated as the monthly net income times 12 divided by 0.72.
Sources: INPS, circolare n. 28 del 16 marzo 2026 (requisiti 2027 e 2028) · INPS, circolare n. 14 del 9 febbraio 2026 (massimale artigiani e commercianti) · INPS, circolare n. 153 del 19 dicembre 2025 (trattamento minimo, assegno sociale, perequazione 2026) · INPS, Estratto conto contributivo and La mia pensione futura · Ministero del Lavoro, decreto direttoriale 20 novembre 2024 (coefficienti di trasformazione 2025-2026) · Ragioneria Generale dello Stato, Le tendenze di medio-lungo periodo del sistema pensionistico, rapporto n. 26 (2025) · legge 8 agosto 1995, n. 335, art. 1 · decreto-legge 6 dicembre 2011, n. 201, art. 24 · legge 29 dicembre 2022, n. 197 and legge 30 dicembre 2025, n. 199 (APE sociale, deduzione 5,300 EUR, perequazione) · decreto legislativo 5 dicembre 2005, n. 252, art. 8, 11, 14 · COVIP, Guida introduttiva alla previdenza complementare (2025) · TUIR, d.P.R. 917/1986, art. 11, 12, 13, 17, 19 · decreto legislativo 68/2011, art. 6 (addizionale regionale) · decreto-legge 66/2014, art. 3 (26 % on gains) · legge 232/2016, art. 1 c. 100 to 114 (PIR) · codice civile art. 2120 and legge 190/2014 art. 1 c. 623 (TFR) · legge 638/1983 art. 6 (integrazione al minimo) · legge 335/1995 art. 1 c. 41 (pensione ai superstiti)