Type what your household owes. See it against every household in the country, including the ones who owe nothing at all.
My household owes € and earns € a year before tax in Finland. Age of the reference person:
Income is pre-filled with the published median for Finland: €45,700. Change it for your own answer, or leave it and read the country's typical picture.
Your debt vs gross income · households in Finland
83%
Above the typical load.
Heavier than the 80.6% median, but short of the 283.8% carried by the most-leveraged tenth.
You owe €37,900 against €45,700 of gross income. The typical indebted household in Finland owes 80.6% of its gross income. You are at 1.0× that.
Read-out one
Where that amount sits.
58.6% of households in Finland carry debt at all, and the survey publishes the distribution only for them. Among those households the median debt is €37,900 and the average is €82,400. The gap between the two is the handful of very large mortgages pulling the average up.
Lightest tenth
€3K
P10 of indebted households
One in ten indebted households in Finland owes less than this.
Median debt
€38K
P50 of indebted households
Half owe more, half owe less. The average is €82K.
Heaviest tenth
€213K
P90 of indebted households
One in ten indebted households in Finland owes more than this.
€37,900 sits at roughly the 50th percentile of indebted households in Finland, read among households with debt rather than among all of them.
Read-out two
Debt against income.
The ratio that lenders and central banks actually watch. In Finland the median indebted household owes 80.6% of its gross annual income; the most-leveraged tenth are at 283.8%. Across the euro area the median is 66.0%.
0%307%
You: 83%
Median: 80.6%
Top decile: 283.8%
One number worth reading twice: 80.6% is the median of household-level ratios, not the median debt divided by the median income. A household holding the median debt (€37,900) on the median income (€45,700) lands at 83%, because the two medians belong to different households and their quotient is not the published median.
At 83% of gross income you are above the 80.6% median for indebted households in Finland, but below the 283.8% that marks the top decile, which at your income would be €129,697 of debt.
Euro-area median
66.0%
Across the euro area, indebted households owe 66.0% of gross income. The figure for Finland is 80.6%: the same survey, the same definition, a different borrowing culture.
The stretched tenth
283.8%
Nine in ten indebted households in Finland owe less than this multiple of their income. The euro-area figure at the same percentile is 374.5%.
Debt against assets
41.9%
Income is only half the picture: the median indebted household in Finland owes this share of what it owns, and carries a loan-to-value of 53.1% on its home.
Read-out three
What carrying it costs.
Debt service is what leaves the account every month. The typical indebted household in Finland pays €517 a month, which is 11.0% of gross income among those actually making payments; averaged over every indebted household, including those with nothing due, the ratio is 10.6%. The euro-area median is 12.5%.
We pay € a month towards it.
Leave that blank and the cards below describe other households: the typical indebted household in Finland pays €517 a month, against €507 across the euro area. Fill it in and the page scores your own payment instead.
Median payment burden
11.0%
€517/month, published
Half of the households in Finland making payments spend less of their income than this on debt.
Mortgage holders
11.1%
€649/month, published
The median share of gross income going to mortgage payments in Finland.
Most stretched tenth
25.0%
No published payment figure
One in ten households in Finland with payments spends more than this on debt service.
Payment amounts are the survey's own published medians (Table E7), not a ratio applied to your income. Your figure depends on your rate and remaining term.
Debt over a lifetime
The same country, six different answers.
Debt is not a level, it is a stage. In Finland the load peaks at 135.3% of gross income for households aged 35 to 44 and falls to 30.9% for the oldest. Pick a band to compare against it rather than against the all-ages median, which mixes both ends together.
76.1% carry debt · median €22K · 7.4% of income on payments · 32.9% owe more than they own
78.6% carry debt · median €102K · 13.6% of income on payments · 12.1% owe more than they own
76.3% carry debt · median €68K · 12.0% of income on payments · 7.4% owe more than they own
56.6% carry debt · median €31K · 11.2% of income on payments · 5.7% owe more than they own
37.8% carry debt · median €19K · 11.2% of income on payments · 3.8% owe more than they own
17.3% carry debt · median €13K · 8.6% of income on payments · 0.8% owe more than they own
Bars are the median debt-to-income ratio for each band; the amber line is where you sit. Click a band to compare against it.
The same debt, elsewhere
Would this be normal in another country?
Your 83% of gross income, scored against every country in this comparison. The definitions are identical everywhere, so the only thing changing across the rows is the borrowing culture.
Country
Median
You vs that median
Where you land
🇫🇮Finlandthis page
80.6%
1.0× the medianunder the 283.8% top decile
🇦🇹Austria
29.5%
2.8× the medianunder the 228.3% top decile
🇩🇪Germany
35.3%
2.3× the medianunder the 282.6% top decile
🇮🇪Ireland
42.5%
2.0× the medianunder the 249.6% top decile
🇮🇹Italy
58.7%
1.4× the medianunder the 299.4% top decile
🇪🇸Spain
84.3%
1.0× the medianunder the 389.0% top decile
🇫🇷France
92.0%
0.9× the medianunder the 437.2% top decile
🇧🇪Belgium
100.8%
0.8× the medianunder the 347.9% top decile
🇵🇹Portugal
102.6%
0.8× the medianunder the 424.1% top decile
🇱🇺Luxembourg
125.8%
0.7× the medianunder the 655.9% top decile
🇳🇱the Netherlands
206.4%
0.4× the medianunder the 629.1% top decile
Medians are Table F1 and top deciles Table F2, both among indebted households and across all ages, so these rows do not move when you pick an age band above.
What the debt is made of
Mortgages, or everything else.
Property debt is 71.8% of all household debt in Finland; the remaining 28.2% is credit lines, cards and other loans. The share of households holding each kind is a separate question from how much of the money it represents: a lot of households owe a little on cards, and a few owe a lot on a house.
Mortgage on the main home65.4%
Mortgage on other property6.5%
Credit lines and overdrafts0.6%
Credit-card debt1.1%
Other non-mortgage loans26.5%
Own-home mortgage
29.5% of households
Median outstanding among those who hold it: €84,300.
Other-property mortgage
4.4% of households
Median outstanding among those who hold it: €43,800.
Non-mortgage debt
48.3% of households
Median outstanding among those who hold it: €13,600.
The survey in Finland records liabilities by the purpose of the loan rather than by the collateral behind it, so the mortgage / non-mortgage split is not directly comparable with countries that classify by collateral.
Liabilities in Finland are register-based and exclude a household's share of housing-company loans, so the totals here understate what some households effectively owe on their home.
Mortgages on other property are collected for all other real estate together in Finland, not property by property.
Three numbers worth the asterisk
What Finland looks like from the outside.
Households whose debts exceed their assets
12.1%, the highest of the 21 European countries in this survey wave
12.1% of households in Finland owe more than everything they own is worth. That is the sharpest measure of over-indebtedness there is, and it is the highest figure of the 21 European countries the survey publishes it for.
Households with any debt
58.6%
Against 41.5% across the euro area. The other 41.4% of households in Finland owe nothing at all.
Typical debt, when there is debt
€37,900
Median outstanding among households in Finland that hold any debt. Across the euro area the same figure is €31,800.
Liquid buffer
12.7%
Median net liquid assets as a share of gross income in Finland: how long the household could cover itself without borrowing. The euro-area median is 28.1%. The survey publishes no ninetieth-percentile figure for this ratio in any country.
A free account turns this one-off check into a live dashboard: all your accounts in one place, with net worth, savings rate and progress toward your goals updated automatically as your money moves.
12.1% of households in Finland have negative net wealth (their debts exceed everything they own), which is the highest of the 21 European countries in this survey wave. The euro-area figure is 3.6%. It is the sharpest available measure of over-indebtedness, and it sits alongside a thin liquid buffer: median net liquid assets are just 12.7% of gross income here, against 28.1% across the euro area.
Among households that hold debt, the median outstanding balance in Finland is €37,900 and the average is €82,400. The gap between the two is the point: a small number of very large mortgages pull the average well above the middle. The lightest tenth of indebted households owe under €2,800; the heaviest tenth owe more than €212,500. Note that these figures cover only the 58.6% of households that actually hold debt; the survey publishes no distribution for the rest.
41.4% of households in Finland carry no debt at all, since 58.6% hold at least one liability. Across the euro area 41.5% of households hold debt, so being debt-free is less common here than the euro-area average. Being debt-free is a real position in this data, not a missing value: the survey counts those households, it simply publishes no debt distribution for them.
The median indebted household in Finland owes 80.6% of its gross annual income, and the most-leveraged tenth are at 283.8% or more. The euro-area median is 66.0%. Anything between those two points is ordinary for a household with debt; above 283.8% you are in the top decile of leverage for the country. One caution: 80.6% is the median of household-level ratios, not the median debt divided by the median income, and those two medians belong to different households.
The survey does not prescribe a limit, but it does show what households actually do. Among households in Finland making payments, the median is 11.0% of gross income; mortgage holders specifically are at 11.1%; and the most stretched tenth spend 25.0%. Averaged over all indebted households, including those with nothing due, the figure is 10.6%. The euro-area median is 12.5%.
There is no official threshold in the survey, but three published markers together make the case. Debt above 283.8% of gross income puts a household in the most-leveraged tenth in Finland; debt service above 25.0% of gross income does the same on the payment side; and 12.1% of households already owe more than everything they own. The liquid buffer matters as much as the ratios: median net liquid assets in Finland are 12.7% of gross income.
29.5% of households in Finland hold a mortgage on the home they live in, with a median outstanding balance of €84,300. A further 4.4% hold a mortgage on other property. The median loan-to-value on the main residence is 53.1%, and the median indebted household's total debt is 41.9% of everything it owns.
By amount owed, 71.8% of household debt in Finland is secured on property and 28.2% is not; credit-card balances are 1.1% of the total and credit lines and overdrafts 0.6%. By number of households the picture flips: 48.3% hold non-mortgage debt with a median of just €13,600, while the 29.5% with a mortgage owe a median of €84,300. Many households owe a little; a few owe a lot. Two caveats: the survey records liabilities in Finland by the purpose of the loan rather than by the collateral, and the register-based totals exclude a household's share of housing-company loans.
58.6% of households in Finland carry debt against 41.5% across the euro area, and the median indebted household owes €37,900 against a euro-area median of €31,800. On the ratios that matter, Finland is at 80.6% of gross income against 66.0% for the euro area, and spends 11.0% of income on debt service against 12.5%. All of it comes from the same survey, run to the same definitions in every country.
Every figure on this page comes from the European Central Bank's Household Finance and Consumption Survey, wave 2023, published in 2026. Participation shares are Table E1, median debt by type Table E2, the composition of debt Table E3, and the distribution among indebted households Table E4; the ratios are Tables F1 and F2, negative net wealth Table F3, and median gross household income Table I3. Where the survey published no figure (too few observations, or an item not collected), this page says so rather than showing a zero.